نشریه پژوهش های بین رشته ای ادبی
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Maulana Jalaladdin Rumi's Masnavi is an encyclopedia of the Islamic culture of Iran. Because it includes many stories and demonstrates Rumi's thoughtfulness regarding psychological problems of his time, one will have no doubt to admit that Masnavi is a great work of art and literature and has to be pondered on and examined closely. That is why there is an attempt here to study the sexual issues and problems of LGBT, especially due to the fact that such issues have not yet been scrutinized by the Maulana scholars out of the fear of the orthodox reactions of their public or those of the elite audience. The study questions of this project are: which sexual disorders have been implicated by the stories, and what is Rumi's opinion about the people with different sexual identities? The aim of this study is to inspect Maulana's opinion about LGTB and, at the same time, This research shows that different types of sexual disorders have been designated and criticized by Rumi in the form of humor and anecdotes. These include: homosexuality, pedophilia, bestiality, sexual exploitation, castration, exhibitionism. The two sexual unorthodox groups of people who were reproached at Rumi's time are: the Mokhannath and Sa'tari which are now known as transgender. What is interesting is the fact that Rumi considered their sexual differences to be innate and God-given. This is a huge contradiction at the heart of his philosophy that can be examined and clarified.

Wolf is an animal who is found in many parts of the world and it has always attracted human attention to itself for its compatibility with different climates and its unique features in lifestyle and hunting; and it has entered the myths of various tribes. In the myths of many peoples of eastern and western, especially among the Romans, Turks, and Mongols, the wolf has similar functions such as the ancient ancestor, breeding, guiding, fertility, support and protection, etc… and is worshiped as a Totem. But in Iranian mythology, there are no such acts, and very limited tasks are assigned to the wolf. In Persian epic texts, Turanians are often associated with wolves. This comparative study seeks to find the answer to the question of what wolves do in the myths of other nations, and which creatures have these acts in Iranian mythology.  According to this study most of these works in Persian mythology are doing by Simurgh; although the similarity between Simurgh and Falcon (Varghan) makes this presence more prominent. Another function that the wolf has in the myths of other nations, it has been seen in lion and Bahram of Persian mythology.

Bohtory is one of the prominent Arab poets in Abbasid era. His poetical works contains many descriptive and praiseworthy poems that deal with Iranian history, culture and art in various forms. According to the content and texture of the word, recreates the great kings, musical instruments, architecture, clothes and names of Iranian cities, etc. Therefore, studying how and why Iranian culture and thinking is better influenced is very important. Therefore, the present study, relying on the intertextuality approach that explores the influence of texts from each other, has considered Iranian history, culture and art as a per- text. Then, the various forms of the presence of this hidden-text in the context of the poems and words are examined better and its implication and semantic levels are analyzed. The result of this study indicates that Bohtory, by mentioning the geography of the land of Iran and mentioning its cities well in his poems, has praised the geography of Iran for welcoming his Iranian praisers. By likening his praises to the Iranian kings and ministers, he forms a descriptive system of Iranian sultans with the meaning of power and monarchy. The poet also pays attention to the types of Iranian art such as music, architecture considers the secret of the permanence of his praise of the Iranians in their efforts to preserve and revive Iranian rituals and customs.

Psychologists have presented a variety of methods for recognizing relative personalities, each of which focuses on the subject. Ennea gram is one of these patterns of personality recognition in modern psychology, which has nine typology of personality: reformist, helper, successor, individualist and sad, thinker & curious, cautious, funny & entertaining, controlling, peaceful, by using it, one can identify the personality brigade of each person from the ninth typology of personality." Saud al-Sanousi" (1981), who is one of the contemporary Arabic writers. One of his most prominent novels is saq Al_ Bamboo (The Bamboo  stalk), Which has put the issus of East Asian migrant workers in kuwait and their social crises and psychological problems as their main source of story. The present study attempts to use the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze the personality traits of the protagonist Issa of Al_ Bamboo (The Bamboo  Stalk), based on the Ennea gram theory from three angles of typology, determining health levels, identifying the secondary type analysis. The results show that Issa has type four (individualistic and sad) and the secondary and complementary type is type five (thinker & curious). Also, Issa health level with 91 frequencies is at the level of health towards the unhealthy.

women's wordstyle in lullabies . abstract : Lullabies are a kind of verse folk literature which , in fact , ought to be regarded as completely women’s texts . The stylistic study of women’s texts through linguistic methods in order to gain the characteristics of female language and as a result the scientific criticism of these works constitutes the main objectives of feminine stylistics . This query based on the framework of feminine analysis aims to recognize the stylistics of the various linguistic and mental layers of folk lullabies . In this research it was found out through descriptive - analytic approach that folk lullabies are rich with maternal passions and feelings shown in different phonetic , lexical , syntactic and practical levels . The simple and fluent language of lullabies is a manifestation of the simple thoughts of women of old times creating a special feature . Men’s power throughout history has made women think of the female sex in a masculine way and they recognize their identity depends of men . this kind of attitude has been reflected in the traditional lullaby discourse.

Polulism is a component,  which is mentioned in social sciences and politics. It emphasizes on the centrality of the peoples role and public will, withe the slogan of defending their lost rights against the predominant intellectual class. This action has influenced on authors minds and writings in the field of Fiction, in different ways. Populism has positive features, but in most cases, because of the some deviations, takes on a completely negative face, to the extent that, this contradictory feedback is considered as the real features of Populism. Animal Farm by George Orwell is one of the bright manifestations of populistic social system in the field of Fiction, in which, the writer has modeled a democratic movement with a populistic face, by using Fabula (Fable) format and visualizing of simbolic animal features.In this analytical--comprative essay, the features of Populism in Animal Farm story are cosidered and their existance is proved. In addition, the procedure of changing of the feature functions and also modeling from a Populistic revolution is considered and explained.The results inducate that this story,  visualizes a Populistic system in which, the positive Populism features , over time, turn into negative

Using Catford’s shifts (1965), this study is an attempt to investigate four English translations by Clarke (1879), Davie (1882), Edwards (1911) and Wickens (1984) of selected poems from the Bustan of Saadi, the eminent Persian poet and writer. Five poems were randomly selected from the Bustan. Every line of the selected poems was investigated by the raters and placed in the related shift type specified by Catford (1965), namely level shift and category shift which in turn includes class shift, unit shift, structural shift, and intrasystem shift. Some lines were placed under more than one shift type as more than one change could be identified in them. The results revealed that the structural shift was the most frequently used shift by the four translators of the poems in the Bustan. Level shift followed by unit shift were the next most frequently used shifts. It was found that the four translators had a somewhat similar trend in terms of using shifts towards translating the selected poems of the Bustan of Saadi. Also, it can be concluded that structural and level shifts were inevitable in some places during the translation process.

From a reflective hermeneutical point of view, storytelling and narrative of the recite belong to two different discourses. Paul Ricoeur is one of the French philosophers who says hermeneutics and phenomenology are articulate the most radical direction of reflective philosophy. This paper attempts to shows that many of the stories narrated by Rumi in Masnavi Manavi correspond to the reciteal patterns of Paul Ricoeur. Recite is a contemplative, dynamic and dialectically rich narrative. While the story, like historical narratives, is immersed in one moment. Acknowledging the connection between plot and time Ricoeur argues that literary narratives are due to the presence of temporal metaphor. This claim led us to examine the relationship between time and plot within the story and recit which are types of narrative literature. For this purpose, we have analyzed the story of "Pir Chagi", which is one of the famous stories and anecdotes of Attar and Rumi's Masnavi whit Ricoeur approach. The results of the study showed that the story of Attar has a silent language and static time, while the story of Rumi has enough ability to interpret and be present in the realm of contemplative hermeneutics due to the dynamics of time and plot.

The Karpman Triangle is a social or psychological paradigm that explains the interaction between people in a transaction analysis designed by Stephen Karpman. This paradigm identifies three psychological roles that subconscious individuals typically play in everyday situations; In the drawing model of the Karpman triangle, there are three sides. One side is called the savior, the other side is called the victim, and the other side is called the abuser. Each person has a main role and the most familiar role. Carpman calls this position the starting point. Although everyone has a role that they are most familiar with, when a person is placed on a triangle, he or she automatically rotates through all the situations and changes the maps. A leading article based on a psychoanalytic analytical approach will attempt to explain Tuba's character based on the Karpman triangle. What emerges from the retelling of Tuba's character in the novel is that Tuba's character rotates according to the Karpman triangle. And he moves in all three roles and plays a role in all three positions. It goes from the savior to the victim, and from the victim to the persecutor, in which the wandering is almost repeated and appears more in the role of the persecutor and the victim. Tuba gets stuck in the Carpman triangle and is in fact captivated by mental bases that result in nothing but despair and helplessness.

Language as social phenomena symmetric to conversational change is exposed to change trend to language economy in language making as a most prominent lingual event, especially in modern conversation and somewhat completely different from premodern conversation has seen. In linguistic definitions the rules that governs lingual phonetic and conjugational changes tends to facilitating pronunciation and simplifying form and structure of sentences and phrases in grammar are called rule of spend less energy in speech and writing (language economy).one of the most important effects of this rule on language forms, is going out of formal standards and gradual movement toward spoken language and informal language. Jamalzadeh is one of the first writers that has used spoken language in to his works, and that’s why he has been introduced as a prominent  writer. In this article we show that one of the most important reasons that brought jamalzadeh's works to spoken language level is following his mind to language economy rule. According to this we have studied some of language economy processes in different parts of his works such as "Yeki boud Yeki naboud" the first short story of him.

Gertrude Bell, a British tourist, diplomat, and travel writer, spent many years of her life in the Middle Eastern countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan and Palestine. Not only was she a literary figure, for writing several travelogues and translating selected sonnets of Hafiz into English, but also her writings served as a cover and excuse for further activities in favor of the British government. In this regard, her travelogue The Desert and the Sown (1907) is of importance. Not only did this travelogue become very popular in Europe, but also it can be argued that it guaranteed the situation of the occupation of Palestine and the British imperialist and interventionist policies in the coming decades of the twentieth century in the Middle East. Therefore, this study examines and analyzes the aforementioned travelogue through Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism and new historicist practice in order to analyze and evaluate its Oriental discourse which consists of otherization of Arabs and cultural superiority of the Westerners over the Easterners. According to the Edward Said's orientalism critical perspective we conclude that Bell was not neutral when she faces with middle east and eastern culture. As a result, it seems that she was a political woman more than a sole writer and she tries to colonize the eastern countries.

Imitation by image, behavior, display and speech that had exited in the culture of some ancient nations represents a kind of belief in the unity with the phenomena and the sanctity of being through this imitation. Plato used this term to design literary theory and to oppose the poetry. The influence of the Mimesis theory has caused to a plan of this theory in every period of history of the literary critique of Europe and the Islamic world, and different views on this theory led to new ideas. The aim of this paper is to explain the agent role of poet in creating poetry based on Mimesis theory in terms of Plato, Aristotle, and New Platonism's viewpoint by a comparative study through a library study and a descriptive-analytic method. Meanwhile, the viewpoints of some thinkers such as Democritus, Sydney, Coleridge, Benedetto Croce, Walter Benjamin, Theodore Adorno, Gadamer were also discussed and comparatively studied. This comparative study shows that the actual role of the poet, according to Mimsis's theory, is a negative and detrimental role of truth in Plato's view. But Plotinus consider the active role of the artist as cultivation, understanding and the power of visualization and expression. Aristotle consider the poet to play the active role of discovering and constructing the angles of a poetic creation plan. The poet's actual role is based on Adorno-Benjamin's readings of this theory of assimilation with nature and, in Gadamader's view, recognition.